Catálogo de las lenguas de América del Sur (nueva ed.). Tovar, Antonio & Larrucea de Tovar, Consuelo.México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Mapas de clasificación lingüística de México y las Américas. The new Encyclopædia Britannica (15th ed.). (Languages of the World/Dictionaries, 38). A tri-lingual dictionary of Emberá-English-Spanish. Langues d'Amêrique du sud et des Antilles. La lengua Umbra: Descubrimiento - Endolingüística - Arqueolingüística. Los indios katíos: su cultura - su lengua. Studies in the languages of Colombia (No.7) SIL publications in linguistics (No. A reference grammar of the Northern Embera languages. International Journal of American Linguistics, 29.
Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46–76). Payne (Ed.), Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages (pp. 13–67).
#Choco colombia how to#
Language history in South America: What we know and how to know more. Panama: Instituto Nacional de Cultura, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano. Claificación de los idiomas indígenas de Panamá, con un vocabulario comparativo de los mismos. Constenla Umaña, Adolfo & Margery Peña, Enrique.American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. ^ Constenla Umaña, Adolfo Margery Peña, Enrique.Classification of South American Indian languages. Language Dynamics and Change 6 (2016) 99–155. Pumé (Yaruro) and Chocoan: Evidence for a New Genealogical Link in Northern South America. Die Sprachen Zentral-Amerikas in ihren Beziehungen zueinander sowie zu Süd-Amerika und Mexico. Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas. ^ a b c Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho De Valhery.Embera-Wounaan, who speak the Choco languages, Embera and Wounaan.glossįor reconstructions of Proto-Chocó and Proto-Emberá by Constenla and Margery (1991), see the corresponding Spanish article. Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Chocó languages. with Yaruro according to Pache (2016).within Joseph Greenberg's Nuclear Paezan, most closely related to Paezan and Barbacoan.Constenla Umaña and Margery Peña: may be related to Chibchan.within Paul Rivet and Loukotka's (1950) Cariban.Čestmír Loukotka (1944): Southern Emberá may be related to Paezan, Noanamá to Arawakan.Suárez, and Robert Gunn: related to Cariban : 324 Genetic relations Ĭhoco has been included in a number of hypothetical phylum relationships: However, similarities are few, some of which may be related to the adoption of maize cultivation from neighbors. Genetic links between Choco and Chibchan had been proposed by Lehmann (1920). Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Guahibo, Kamsa, Paez, Tukano, Witoto-Okaina, Yaruro, Chibchan, and Bora-Muinane language families due to contact. Embera, Northern: Embera Katio Embera Darien.Embera, Southern: Embera Baudo Embera Chami Epena.Internal classification by Jolkesky (2016): Noanamá has some 6,000 speakers on the Panama-Colombia border. Kaufman (1994) considers the term Cholo to be vague and condescending. Ethnologue divides this into six languages.
The Emberá group consists of two languages mainly in Colombia with over 60,000 speakers that lie within a fairly mutually intelligible dialect continuum.
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